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=** PHOTOGRAPHY **= The definition of photography is the art or practice of taking and processing photographs. It’s a snapshot of what the artist is recording. It’s a time frame that records the artist’s thoughts or ideas.

The word photography developed from the Greek words //phōs// which means light, and //gráphein//, to write. It was combined by Sir John Frederic William Herschel in 1939.

**Applications of Photography:** - Scientists use photography to record and study movements. - Military, Police officers, Detectives, and Security forces use photography for survellience. - It can be used to preserve moments, stories, memories, and to send a message.

The different uses of photography are commercial, advertisements, journalism, and fashion photography.

**Professions in Photography:** -Digital Photography -Fashion Photography -Editorial Photography -Advertising Photography -Wedding Photography -Documentary Style Photography -Photo Technician - Animators - Graphic Designers - Medical Illustrators - Print Makers - Paparazzi


 * **[|Aerial]** ||  || From a plane, helicopter, balloon or other airborne device. ||
 * **Adventure, Action** ||  || Adventure sports, daring feats, etc. ||
 * **Amateur** ||  || Any type of photography practiced by non-professionals. ||
 * **Animal, Pet** ||  || Pets and their relationships with humans. Note that the human content is often as important as the animal. ||
 * **Architecture, Real Estate** ||  || The art of making property appear attractive. Often involves panoramic photography. ||
 * **Artistic** ||  || Photography in which creative composition is the goal. ||
 * **[|Astrophotography]** ||  || Space photography, through a telescope. ||
 * **Aura** ||  || A controversial type of photography which some claim can photograph a person's aura. Often confused with [|Kirlian photography]. ||
 * **[|Black & White]** ||  || Not simply photography without colour, black and white photography explores shapes, tones and textures. Shadows and highlights become much more important. ||
 * **Camera Phone** ||  || "Convenience" photography using a mobile phone's built-in camera. While not the best quality, camera phones have opened a new world of spontaneous, on-the-spot photo opportunities. ||
 * **[|Commercial]** ||  || Product shots, advertising, etc. ||
 * **[|Digiscoping]** ||  || Photography through a telescope or binoculars. ||
 * **Documentary** ||  || Journalism, Events, Historical, Political, etc. ||
 * **[|Event]** ||  || Concerts, parties, festivals, [|weddings], etc. ||
 * **[|Forensic]** ||  || Police and legal photography. ||
 * **[|Infrared]** ||  || Photography in which the recording medium is sensitive to infrared light rather than the normal visible light spectrum. ||
 * **[|Large Format]** ||  || For use on posters, billboards, etc. ||
 * **[|Kirlian]** ||  || A type of contact print photography in which an object touching a photographic plate is connected to a high voltage source, creating an aura-like image. Often confused with aura photography. ||
 * **[|Macro]** ||  || The art of photographing very small and/or close-up objects. ||
 * **Medical** ||  || Specialized photography for clinical purposes, i.e. to help reveal and diagnose illness. ||
 * **Microscopic** ||  || Any technique for photographing objects too small to be visible to humans. ||
 * **Modeling** ||  || Photographing objects to be converted into 3D models. ||
 * **[|Nature]** ||  || Landscapes, animals, plants, sea, etc. ||
 * **[|Night]** ||  || Any technique used to capture images at night. Often includes infrared photography. ||
 * **[|Panoramic]** ||  || Views of wide areas, up to complete 360° panoramas. ||
 * **[|Paranormal]** ||  || Ghosts, unexplained phenomena, etc. ||
 * **People** ||  || Candid, Family, Fashion, Glamour, Passports & Visas, Portrait, Pregnancy, School, Sports, [|Wedding] ||
 * **[|Pinhole]** ||  || Uses the most basic type of camera possible — a box with a tiny hole to let light in. ||
 * **Scenic** ||  || Landscape, Cityscape ||
 * **[|Satellite]** ||  || Views of Earth from orbit. ||
 * **Scientific** ||  || Any specialized photography used for scientific endeavour, e.g. electron microscopy photographs, medical photography, astrophotography, etc. ||
 * **[|Sports]** ||  || The specialized art of shooting people engaged in sports, games and adventure activities. ||
 * **[|Stereoscopic (3-D)]** ||  || Involves taking two photos simultaneously to simulate 3-D vision. ||
 * **[|Stock]** ||  || Photographs taken for distribution to other people, for use in their projects. These photos tend to be quite generic, e.g. people working, landscapes, places, etc. ||
 * **Time-lapse** ||  || Photographs with a very long exposure, used to illustrate something happening over time. A popular example is a street at night with car lights blurred into long lines. ||
 * **[|Travel]** ||  || Photography to showcase locations, illustrate travel literature, etc. ||
 * **[|Ultraviolet]** ||  || Photography in which the recording medium is sensitive to ultraviolet light rather than the normal visible light spectrum. ||
 * **[|Underwater]** ||  || Any type of photography taken under water with a water-tight camera housing. ||
 * **Urban, Industrial** ||  || Emphasizing urban environments. ||

This photo portrays the difficulties of losing a love, and the trauma of living without a father. The child sees her father in a casket, and knowing he won't come back to life, but instead he will always watch, and protect her mother and her. The angle shows perfectly how powerful the image is, and it doesn't capture the unnecessary parts, but focuses on the subject itself.

This photo's subject is the child, and his sense of fashion out of the city. The hue of the background is changed to make the photo look a bit more blue, and the contrast made the lighter than the original. This photograph's angle is a medium shot, that shows the upper body, but not as close up to the face. dfadada

This landscape portrays the darkness, and the lightness of the city. The lighting of the city is overflowing everywhere. It's powerful to the extent of representing many moods, and identifying how peoples' lives are in the evening. The angle captures a far shot of the city from a certain location, and how beautiful the scenary is. The contrast of the photo is the vehicle, the image is close up showing the beauty of the car, and the scenary is just an extra part to make the image look better. The lighting of the car is as bright as the sky, but part of the sky is dark to a part where the car stands out more than the background.

**Principles of Design**
Balance - the equilibrium weight of the visuals, such as equalzing the weight of the objects to make the overall artwork balance throughout. There's symmetrical balance that can be described as balancing the weight of the artwork on each side. Also, there is Asymmetrical balance, that is known for informal balance. It doesn't revolve with balance, but it has no composition of real images.' Unity - the repition of visual elements such as shape or color that repeats itself in the artwork. Proportion : The scale and size of the element in a design. It's the relationship between the objects, parts, and the whole itself of an artwork. The size emphasize the focal point of the design, and works along with balance to make the image more outstanding. Contrast: The centre of attention, it focus mostly on an object or shape, and everything else isn't important as the focus.

**CAMERA ANGLES:** The relationship between the camera and the object being photographed gives the audience information about the shot. Theres 5 types of views: 1. The Bird's-Eye View - This shows a scene from directly overhead, a very unnatural and strange angle. 2. High Angle - The camera is elevated above the action using a crane to give a general overview. High angles make the object photographed seem smaller, and less significant 3. Eye Level - A fairly neutral shot; the camera is positioned as though it is a human actually observing a scene, 4. Low Angle - These increase height, and give a sense of speeded motion. 5. Oblique/Canted Angle -Sometimes the camera is tilted (ie is not placed horizontal to floor level), to suggest imbalance, transition and instability (very popular in horror movies).

**SHOT LENGTH** 1. Extremely Long Shot -This can be taken from as much as a quarter of a mile away, and is generally used as a scene-setting, establishing shot. 2. Long Shot - This is the most difficult to categorise precisely, but is generally one which shows the image as approximately "life" size ie corresponding to the real distance between the audience and the screen in a cinema 3. Medium Shot - Contains a figure from the knees/waist up and is normally used for dialogue scenes, or to show some detail of action 4, Close-Up - This shows very little background, and concentrates on either a face, or a specific detail of mise en scène 5. Extremely Close Up- An extreme version of close-up, it magnifys beyond what the human eye would experience in reality.

**TYPES OF LIGHTING**
1. Side Lighting- is when the lighting is coming from the side. This usually provides a great deal of contrast, can create long shadows and adds depth to the image. 2. Back Lighting -is when light is behind your subject and is directed at you and your camera. This type of lighting creates silhouettes quiet easily. 3. Rim - When light comes in at an acute angle it can create highlights along the edges of your subject. The stark contrast that it provides highlights shape and form. This type of lighting adds impact to macro, wildlife, nature and fine art nude photography. 4. Ambient -is non-direct soft lighting that often is bounced from one surface to another. As a result of the non-direct lighting, brightness of your subject is lower than with other types of lighting. 5. Soft or Diffuse Lighting -is diffuse providing lighting that is even. This type of lighting reduces contrast and minimizes shadows. 6. Hard Light -is quite direct and can often be intense in brightness. This type of lighting creates strong shadows and high contrast 7. Spotlight - is when a focused amount of light highlights a particular section of your subject or scene. 8. Artificial Lighting -This can be generated from a variety studio lights, and built in or external flash units.